Category: Technology

AI is a Bad Therapist

Written by: Dr. Scott Giacomucci, DSW, LCSW, BCD, CGP, FAAETS, TEP

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become quite popular in recent years as it is remarkably good at answering questions, summarizing information, and even carrying on conversations that feel surprisingly human. It is now common for people to talk to AI about anxiety, trauma, relationships, grief, or depression before ever reaching out to a therapist.

While AI can be a useful educational tool or source of gathering general information (we use it as a tool too!), it is a poor substitute for psychotherapy. In some cases, relying on AI as a therapist may actually reinforce the very mental health symptoms you are trying to overcome. If you’re struggling with emotional distress, trauma, or relationship difficulties, it’s important to understand the difference between talking to AI and engaging with a trained mental health professional.

Why AI Can Feel Like a Good (Free) Therapist

There are understandable reasons why people turn to AI for emotional support. AI is available 24 hours a day. It doesn’t judge. It responds immediately. It can be accessed for free. It can validate emotions, summarize psychological concepts, and offer coping suggestions within seconds. For someone who feels isolated or overwhelmed, this can provide temporary comfort.

Using AI for therapy

For many people, accessing therapy can be complicated – especially in trying to navigate complex health care systems, insurance benefits, unaffordable self-pay rates, and limited local options for therapy. Many people have had bad experiences, or even hurtful experiences, with therapists in the past which can also contribute to someone turning to AI as a therapist instead of a human therapist. For many, AI isn’t replacing therapy, it is filling a gap created by systemic failures and those realities deserve serious attention. The concern isn’t that people are using AI; my concern is when AI becomes the primary place where someone is seeking psychological healing and guidance on human relationships.

AI has access to enormous amounts of information on the internet which is pretty impressive. This can leave us with an assumption that AI is more knowledgeable than any human and thus better equipped to help us. However, AI’s responses are generated from general information on the internet and the limited text-based information that you provide it – whereas a human therapist is interacting with you based on more individualized and context-specific information while also considering the rich non-verbal communication in the session.
The problem is that therapy is much more than receiving information, identifying patterns, or receiving reassurance.

Therapy Is More Than Advice

Many people assume therapy is simply receiving good advice. In reality, effective psychotherapy is built on much deeper processes than advice giving. Many of us avoid giving advice in most cases and instead focus therapy on helping clients discover their own answers to questions.

Healing often occurs through:

  • A genuine therapeutic relationship
  • Emotional attunement
  • Embodied somatic experiences
  • Corrective interpersonal experiences
  • Exploration of unconscious patterns
  • Experiential learning
  • Working through difficult emotions
  • Repairing ruptures in relationships
  • Building tolerance for uncertainty
  • Developing new ways of relating to oneself and others

These are fundamentally human processes.

An AI can simulate empathy through its responses, but it cannot genuinely experience empathy, emotional resonance, or a mutual human relationship. It cannot notice subtle shifts in body language, changes in affect, or patterns emerging across interactions in the same way an experienced therapist can.

Many therapy modalities involve complex experiential interventions, such as EMDR, psychodrama and empty chair work, and expressive arts therapies. These interventions are action-based and three-dimensional. They can’t be effectively and safely be implemented by a two-dimensional AI program through a computer screen.

AI Can Accidentally Reinforce Mental Health Symptoms

One of the biggest concerns is that AI often responds in ways that reduce immediate distress rather than promote long-term wellness or recovery. Many psychological disorders are maintained by patterns of avoidance, reassurance-seeking, compulsive checking, or distorted thinking. Unfortunately, AI conversations often unintentionally strengthen these patterns. One of the most common ways that this happens is when someone avoids asking for help or going to therapy and instead only talks to AI about their struggles.

Anxiety

People with anxiety often seek certainty. They repeatedly ask questions like:

  • “Do you think something is wrong with me?”
  • “What if this symptom means I have cancer?”
  • “What if I lose my job?”

Each reassuring response may temporarily reduce anxiety.

Instead of searching websites, someone experiencing health anxiety may repeatedly question AI about symptoms, diagnoses, medications, or rare illnesses. Although each conversation may temporarily reduce fear, it often increases vigilance toward bodily sensations and reinforces the belief that constant checking is necessary to stay safe. This can create an endless feedback loop of symptom monitoring and reassurance that maintains health anxiety.

Unfortunately, this teaches the brain that reassurance, not tolerance of uncertainty, is the solution. Over time, reassurance-seeking often strengthens anxiety rather than reducing it. Instead of helping someone build tolerance for uncertainty, repeated AI interactions may strengthen dependence on external validation.

Someone may begin asking AI dozens or even hundreds of questions every day, creating a digital version of an anxiety compulsion.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

For individuals with OCD, AI can become another source of compulsive reassurance. Someone may repeatedly ask:

  • “Are you sure I didn’t do something wrong?”
  • “Does this sound like OCD or psychosis?”
  • “Can you guarantee this won’t happen?”

Each response briefly lowers anxiety. However, evidence-based treatments for OCD, such as Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), intentionally reduce reassurance because learning to tolerate uncertainty is what weakens obsessive-compulsive cycles.

Frequent AI reassurance may unintentionally reinforce OCD symptoms or become part of a new compulsive-driven ritual that maintains the OCD symptoms.

Depression

Many people with depression become trapped in cycles of rumination – repetitively analyzing past events, perceived failures, or negative beliefs about themselves.

rumination and AI

AI may respond thoughtfully and compassionately, but lengthy conversations about depressive thoughts can sometimes encourage additional rumination instead of behavioral change. Depression often tricks people into believing that if they just think about the problem a little longer, they’ll finally figure it out. Unfortunately, rumination rarely produces clarity, it usually produces more rumination. Spending another hour discussing the same hopeless thoughts with AI may feel productive, but it can unintentionally deepen the habit of living in the problem rather than moving toward life outside of it.

Depression often narrows perspective and reinforces negative beliefs.

If someone consistently frames experiences through hopelessness or self-criticism, AI may respond with validation that unintentionally strengthens those beliefs without adequately challenging cognitive distortions or helping create meaningful behavioral change.

Similarly, depression often involves withdrawal from meaningful activities, relationships, work, and hobbies. Talking with AI can sometimes become another sedentary activity that replaces rather than supports real-world engagement.

While reflective conversations have value, recovery from depression often requires doing something different and taking new action, not simply thinking differently. In many recovery communities, we say that “you can’t think your way into new behaviors, you must act your way into new thinking”.

Effective therapy balances empathy with gentle challenges, accountability, and action.

Trauma, PTSD, and CPTSD

Many individuals with PTSD or CPTS have experienced ongoing interpersonal trauma, neglect, betrayal, or attachment wounds. Because relationships have been sources of pain in the past, trusting another person often feels difficult or impossible.

AI can feel safer as it is consistently available, doesn’t disappoint, and won’t reject you. While these qualities provide temporary comfort, they can also make it easier to avoid the vulnerability required for healing relationships.

AI Therapy and Trauma

Much of the healing in complex trauma occurs through experiencing a consistent, trustworthy therapeutic relationship where safety, boundaries, repair, emotional attunement, and authenticity are experienced over time. These relational experiences cannot be fully simulated through conversation with software.

For some individuals, relying primarily on AI for emotional support may unintentionally reinforce interpersonal avoidance and delay opportunities for corrective relational experiences and a more fulfilling trauma recovery journey.

Trauma recovery involves much more than talking about traumatic experiences.

It requires careful pacing, emotional regulation, nervous system stabilization, and gradually integrating traumatic memories without overwhelming the individual. Trauma therapy is a process of changing our relationships to the trauma within us.

AI cannot monitor physiological arousal, recognize dissociation, assess safety in real time, or modify interventions based on subtle changes in emotional regulation.

As a result, individuals may repeatedly revisit traumatic memories without adequate preparation, containment, or integration. In some cases, repeatedly recounting trauma without processing it may strengthen traumatic memory networks rather than transforming them.

Trauma work requires a therapist who can recognize when someone is becoming overwhelmed, emotionally shut down, or disconnected from the present moment. Trauma recovery involves developing new emotional, relational, and physiological experiences – not simply generating more words about painful events and receiving validation.

AI Will Tell You What You Want to Hear

Another concern is that AI is generally designed to be helpful, agreeable, and cooperative. While this usually improves user experience, it can reinforce existing beliefs rather than gently challenging them. Even when you ask AI not to only tell you what it thinks you want to hear, it will eventually revert back to doing so.

Therapists routinely ask difficult questions, notice inconsistencies, help clients recognize blind spots and carefully confront avoidance. Sometimes growth comes from hearing something that is uncomfortable, but necessary.

If every interaction with AI (or a therapist) simply confirms your current perspective, emotional growth will be limited.

Where AI Can Be Helpful

None of this means AI has no role in mental health or should be avoided completely. AI can be useful for many things including:

  • Learning about mental health conditions
  • Understanding therapy concepts
  • Practicing mindfulness exercises
  • Organizing thoughts before therapy
  • Journaling prompts
  • Psychoeducation
  • Identifying questions to ask a therapist
  • Reviewing coping skills between sessions
  • Summarizing notes after therapy (while protecting privacy)

Used this way, AI functions best as an educational assistant, not as a therapist. Though be sure to instruct AI to only get info from reputable sources, otherwise it will take any information from the internet (including teenagers’ reddit conversations) and present it to you as factual information.

AI is a Bad Therapist, but a Good Therapy Tool

While AI may provide comfort, information, or temporary reassurance, it cannot replace the depth of human connection, clinical judgment, emotional attunement, ethical responsibility, or relational healing that psychotherapy offers. In some situations, frequent reliance on AI for reassurance or emotional support may actually strengthen anxiety, OCD, PTSD, avoidance, or other mental health symptoms by reinforcing the patterns that keep those conditions alive.

It’s worth noting that these concerns aren’t even unique to AI. The same processes can occur with Google searches, Reddit forums, online mental health communities, well-meaning family members, or poorly trained therapists who provide endless reassurance while avoiding uncomfortable conversations or providing new corrective experiences. AI simply reinforces these patterns faster and in a way that is accessible at all times.

If you’re struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties, AI may be a helpful supplement for learning and personal growth, but it should not replace working with a qualified mental health professional.

About the Author:

Dr. Scott Giacomucci

Dr. Scott Giacomucci, DSW, LCSW, BCD, CGP, FAAETS, TEP (he, him, his) is the Director, Founder, & Owner of the Phoenix Center for Experiential Trauma Therapy. He provides clinical services at the center as well as supervision, consultation, training, and organizational leadership.

Dr. Scott just released his most recent book, Trauma-Focused Psychodrama: Experiential Therapy for Complex PTSD

Doomscrolling and Trauma

By: Meryl Lammers, LSW, MT-BC
Doomscrolling and Anxiety

Doomscrolling, the compulsive and prolonged consumption of negative news online, can significantly impact mental health and potentially lead to vicarious trauma and re-traumatization, especially for individuals with a history of trauma. It can exacerbate existing mental health conditions like anxiety and stress, can trigger trauma responses, and lead to a cycle of negative emotions and behaviors. 

Recognizing the potential dangers of doomscrolling and taking steps to break the habit is crucial for protecting one’s mental and emotional well-being. These effects for someone with a trauma history and doomscrolling may include:

  • Triggering Memories: Negative news and images can trigger traumatic memories, causing flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened anxiety. 
  • Hypervigilance: Doomscrolling can increase hypervigilance, making individuals more sensitive to perceived threats and potential dangers in their environment. 
  • Difficulty Regulating Emotions: Individuals with trauma may struggle to regulate their emotions, and doomscrolling can further exacerbate this difficulty. 
  • Seeking Control: Some individuals with trauma may engage in doomscrolling as a way to feel in control of a chaotic world, even if it means focusing on worst-case scenarios. 
  • Re-traumatization: Individuals with a history of trauma, especially complex trauma, may be more susceptible to re-traumatization through doomscrolling. 
  • Numbing and Avoidance: Doomscrolling may be a manifestation of the PTSD symptoms of avoidance and numbing if it is used to dissociate or avoid life, relationships, or feelings.

Doomscrolling and the Brain: Why Can’t I Stop?

Political upheaval at home and abroad can create a sense of lack of safety. Many of us turn to coping mechanisms to soothe our anxieties, yet some may be more detrimental than others. Maybe you have tried to reduce or stop your screen time, but you’re having a hard time putting the phone down. You may be wondering, “Am I addicted? Do I like to be punished? Why can’t I stop?” Maybe you fear missing out on the latest news or feel a sense of control if you are up to date, but you’re still noticing that you just feel worse off afterwards.

There are biological reasons for what you are feeling:

Biology and Doomscrolling
  • Altered Neural Pathways: Repeated exposure to negative information can strengthen neural pathways associated with fear and anxiety, making your brain more likely to trigger these responses in the future. 
  • Increased Amygdala Activity: The amygdala, which processes emotions like fear and anxiety, can become overactive during doomscrolling, making you more sensitive to stress and negative emotions. 
  • Impaired Prefrontal Cortex Function: The prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, can be negatively impacted by chronic stress and anxiety from doomscrolling, potentially affecting your ability to regulate emotions and think rationally. 
  • Reduced Attention Span: Constant exposure to short, attention-grabbing content can make it harder to focus on complex tasks, such as reading or engaging in deep conversations. 
  • Erosion of Critical Thinking: Doomscrolling can hinder your ability to think critically and evaluate information, especially with the prevalence of misinformation online. 
  • Emotional Fatigue: Constant exposure to distressing news can lead to emotional exhaustion and a feeling of helplessness. 

Doomscrolling’s Impact on Mental Health

Doomscrolling and headaches

Even if you don’t have a history of trauma, the negative impacts of doomscrolling are plentiful. Doomscrolling can amplify negative emotions, leading to increased anxiety, sadness, and feelings of despair. Individuals with pre-existing anxiety or depression may find their symptoms worsen with excessive exposure to negative news. Doomscrolling exposes individuals to distressing events, even if they are not directly involved. This can lead to vicarious trauma, where individuals experience psychological effects like those who experienced the trauma firsthand. Doomscrolling can also manifest in physical symptoms, such as headaches, muscle tension, elevated blood pressure, and sleep disturbances. 

Breaking the Doomscrolling Habit

Doomscrolling and setting limits

Some suggestions for ways to break the habit of doomscrolling include noticing how you feel after spending time on social media, setting time limits on social media and news consumption, curate your feed to follow accounts that provide positive and uplifting content, find activities that help you disconnect from your phone and engage with the real world, and seek professional help if you are struggling with the effects of doomscrolling, especially if you have a history of trauma.

If you are noticing that doomscrolling is triggering your past traumatic experiences and you are experiencing flashbacks, hopelessness, heightened anxiety or depression, or nightmares, experiential trauma therapy can help. Call the Phoenix Center today to schedule with one of our trained trauma therapists. You don’t have to navigate your experiences alone. We are here to help!

Meryl Lammers Trauma Therapist, Delaware County PA

Written by: Meryl Lammers, LSW, MT-BC

In-Person and Virtual Trauma Therapy: Pros and Cons

by Sarah Jayne Oltz, MS, NCC, CTP

Trauma therapy is a deeply personal healing process that requires careful consideration of how therapy is delivered. Today, there are two main formats for therapy: in-person and virtual. Both have distinct advantages and potential drawbacks, particularly for trauma therapy. Below is an exploration of the pros and cons of each option to help you decide which format may work best for you or your clients.

In-Person Trauma Therapy

Pros

  • Deeper Human Connection
    In-person sessions foster a stronger sense of connection and presence. Non-verbal cues like body language, eye contact, and even physical proximity can enhance the therapeutic bond and process, which is essential for healing trauma. The sense of safety and trust can be more immediate and tangible in a physical space with a therapist.
  • Fewer Technological Barriers
    There’s no need to worry about Wi-Fi interruptions, audio lag, or technical difficulties that could disrupt the flow of an important session. This can be crucial when dealing with sensitive or traumatic material, where breaks in connection could impact the therapeutic process.
  • More Grounding and Experiential Support
    Many trauma therapists incorporate grounding techniques and sensory experiences into their practice. In-person sessions allow therapists to use physical objects and other tools that can help clients regulate their emotions and process more effectively.
  • Safe Space
    In-person therapy provides a controlled, safe environment where clients can express and process intense emotions without distractions from the outside world. Being in a designated therapeutic space can also help clients create a mental separation between therapy and their daily life.

Cons

  • Limited Accessibility
    In-person therapy can be less accessible for clients who have physical disabilities, live in remote areas, or have busy schedules.
  • Cost and Travel Time
    In-person therapy often requires additional expenses, such as transportation and time off work, which can add stress to an already emotionally taxing process. Commute times can also make regular attendance challenging.
  • Unfamiliar Space
    For some trauma survivors, being in a new or unfamiliar physical space can trigger anxiety or a sense of overwhelm. Some individuals may feel more safe in their own space, especially in the early stages of therapy when trust is still being built.

  Virtual Trauma Therapy

Pros

  • Convenience and Accessibility
    Virtual therapy can be especially helpful for individuals with physical limitations, those who live in areas with limited mental health resources, or those juggling work and family commitments.
  • Scheduling Flexibility
    Virtual therapy often offers more flexibility in terms of scheduling since the client does not need to account for travel time. This can lead to more consistent attendance, which is crucial for trauma recovery.
  • Comfort in a Familiar Space
    For some clients, particularly trauma survivors, being in a familiar environment can feel safer. Virtual therapy allows clients to engage in therapeutic work while remaining in the comfort of their own space, which may help reduce anxiety and facilitate openness.
  • Sense of Anonymity
    Some clients may feel more comfortable with virtual therapy because it offers a sense of anonymity. They may find it easier to disclose sensitive or painful experiences without the added pressure of being physically present in a therapist’s office.

Cons

  • Technology Issues
    While virtual therapy is convenient, it also relies heavily on technology. Poor internet connections, software glitches, or interruptions can disrupt the flow of a session. This can be particularly problematic in trauma therapy, where the therapeutic alliance and sense of safety are critical.
  • Limited Non-Verbal Communication
    Much of the subtle communication that happens in therapy comes from body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal cues. Virtual therapy may limit the therapist’s ability to pick up on these cues, which could affect the depth of the therapeutic relationship.
  • Difficulty in Creating a Therapeutic Environment
    Not everyone has a private, quiet space to engage in therapy at home. Distractions like family members, noise, or pets can make it harder to focus, reducing the effectiveness of the session. Some clients may also struggle with boundaries, finding it difficult to fully “enter” therapy mode when they are in a home setting.
  • Licensing Restrictions on Virtual Therapy
    Most state licensing boards only permit therapists to engage in telehealth sessions with a client who is physically located in the state the therapist is licensed in at the time of the session. This can be very limiting for clients who are traveling out of state.
  • Therapists’ Lack of Training Providing Therapy Online
    Most therapists have no training on providing therapy remotely, especially if they completed their schooling or training before the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic.
  • Therapists’ Limited Familiarity with Local Services
    One of the risks of engaging in telehealth is that your therapist may not be familiar with mental health service providers in your area, especially if your therapist’s office is far away from your home. In the case of an emergency or the need for a referral to a more intensive level of care, your therapist may not have direct experience or knowledge of programs in your town.

 

Which is Right for You?

The choice between in-person and virtual trauma therapy ultimately depends on your personal preferences, circumstances, and therapeutic needs. Both formats can be effective, but it’s essential to consider what environment will make you feel most comfortable, supported, and safe.

If you value the immediate connection and presence of face-to-face interactions and have access to a therapist nearby, in-person therapy may be the best fit. On the other hand, if you need more flexibility and comfort or live in an area with limited mental health resources, virtual therapy might provide the support you need with fewer barriers. Sometimes, a hybrid model—where sessions alternate between in-person and virtual—can offer the best of both worlds. Many times, we have found success in starting sessions in-person to build a strong connection between therapist and client, and switching sessions to online after a strong bond has been established.

We often will recommend meeting in-person if there are particular sessions when we plan to engage in trauma processing of core memories (sometimes these are scheduled for longer than an hour). Being in person with your therapist allows your therapist to better assess where you are in the process (especially through non-verbal cues such as complexion changes, voice tone, body language, posture, etc.), which will better allow your therapist to provide safe and effective trauma processing.

Trauma therapy is rooted in safety and autonomy, and the setting that fosters your personal growth and comfort will always be the right choice. Don’t be afraid to experiment with both formats to find what works best for you. Contact the Phoenix Center today to get started with one of our trauma therapists in-person or virtually.